Phylogeny of Phytophthora and Phytopythium species associated with rice in Fars province (Iran)
Fatemeh
Salmaninezhad
MSc Graduate, Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7144165186, Iran
author
Reza
Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa
Prof., Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7144165186, Iran (rmostofi@shirazu.ac.ir)
author
text
article
2017
eng
In order to investigate the Oomyceteous species of the rice paddy fields of Fars province (Iran), during 2013–15, infected roots and crowns together with soil around seedlings and irrigation water were sampled. Based on the morphological, morphometric and physiological studies along with phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer sequences based on neighbor joining method, two Phytophthora species from Clades 6 and 8, including P. inundata,and P. pseudocryptogea and three Phytopythium species from a distinct clade, including Phpy. litorale, Phpy. ostracodes, and Phpy. sterile were identified. Phytopythium litorale,and Phpy. sterile were distinguished through morphological studies along with phylogenetic analysis. Phytopythium sterile was also new to the Oomyceteous mycobiota of Iran. All species were reported for the first time in the world from rice rhizosphere.
Rostaniha
IRIPP, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, IRAN
1608-4306
18
v.
1
no.
2017
1
15
https://rostaniha.areeo.ac.ir/article_113227_4b7a002afba152c7583a4738cd8da13a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/botany.2017.113227
Palynological study of the genus Gypsophila in Iran
Atiye
Nejad Falatoury
Research Assistant Prof., Department of Botany, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran (a.falatoury@gmail.com)
author
Farrokh
Ghahremaninejad
Prof., Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
author
Mostafa
Assadi
Research Prof., Department of Botany, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
eng
Gypsophila with approximately 150 speciesrepresents the fourth largest genus of Caryophyllaceae and the second genus of tribe Caryophylleae. Iran is the second main center of Gypsophila diversity with 38 species in the world. Considering Gypsophila as one of the most polymorphic genus of the family andalmost half of its taxa distributed in Iran as endemic, thus makes it as a significant genus from taxonomic and nomenclatural points of view. Moreover, following the IUCN Red List criteria, about half of these endemic taxa are categorized as Critically Endangered (CR D.); hence, the protection of these taxa and their limited habitats is necessary. Pollen grains of 40 taxa (Table 1) were studied by electron microscopy for the first time in Iran (Figs 2–5). However, these attributions do not support sections which are made based on morphological characters and rather can be used to separate some close taxa. The pollen grains of Gypsophila are monade, apolar, pantoporate with 12 pores, rounded polyhedral, tectate with granulate microechinate-microperforate ornamentation. Pores are annulate, operculate. Pollen grains size (20.7–32 µm), operculum diameter (1.6–6 µm), distance between pores (2.3–7 µm) and operculum thickness are variable among taxa (Table 2). Gypsophila pilosa var. pilosa, and G. platyphylla have the largest while G. antoninae has the smallest pollen grains. The smallest pores and, therefore, the minimum diameter of the operculums can be seen in G. acantholimoides. The largest and thickest operculum is owned by G. virgata. A phenogram of Iranian Gypsophila taxa derived from palynological analysis using UPGMA method is also given herewith (Fig. 1).
Rostaniha
IRIPP, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, IRAN
1608-4306
18
v.
1
no.
2017
16
32
https://rostaniha.areeo.ac.ir/article_113228_804dcd061e98d9e88e73f7066b7a9f50.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/botany.2017.113228
Phylogeny and genetic diversity of Fusarium graminearum species complex associated with Fusarium head blight of wheat in Moghan plain (Iran)
Kasra
Sharifi
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
author
Rasoul
Zare
Research Prof., Department of Botany, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
author
Hamid Reza
Zamanizadeh
Prof., Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (hzamani@srbiau.ac.ir)
author
Mansoureh
Mirabolfathy
Research Prof., Department of Plant Diseases, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
author
Saeed
Rezaee
Assistant Prof., Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
eng
Thirty-seven isolates of Fusarium graminearum species complexobtained from wheat heads with Fusarium head blight symptoms were selected and used for phylogenetic studies. They were collected from different localities of Moghan plain (Ardebil province, Iran). Partial sequences of translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF), putative reductase (RED) and UTP-ammonia ligase (URA) genes were amplified using specific primers and sequences were analyzed using Maximum Parsimony method. Almost all strains of F. graminearum species complex belonged to F. graminearum sensu stricto. The results indicated homogeneity within F. graminearum species complex. Inter-simple sequence repeat markers (ISSR) were employed to study the genetic structure of F. graminearums.s. populations collected from five localities in Moghan plain. The ISSR markers were generated by five primers and data analysed using UPGMA method with Jaccard's coefficient. Cluster analysis showed that all isolates were divided into four clades with 82% similarity level. The analysis of molecular variation indicated that most of the gene diversity (97%) was distributed within populations, whereas 3% of the variation was found among populations. Phylogenetic species identification and genetic diversity knowledge of major agent of FHB disease will be useful in defining the risk of pathogen evolution as well as benefiting disease management strategies.
Rostaniha
IRIPP, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, IRAN
1608-4306
18
v.
1
no.
2017
33
49
https://rostaniha.areeo.ac.ir/article_113230_62c87a33dae65523cf4bd40c5361106a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/botany.2017.113230
Some notes on taxonomy and diversity of Onosma with emphasis on important evidence and complex groups in Flora Iranica
Sadaf
Sayadi
MSc Student, Department of Plant Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, GC, Tehran, Iran
author
Ahmadreza
Mehrabian
Assistant Prof., Department of Plant Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, GC, Tehran, Iran (a_mehrabian@sbu.ac.ir)
author
Mohammad Javad
Nikjoyan
MSc Student, Department of Plant Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, GC, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
eng
Onosma L. as a rich taxa in Boraginaceae including about 150–180 species, centered mainly in Irano-Turanian region. The genus faced with several systematic complexities lead to many identification problems as well as morphological polymorphism. Several authors have used setae characteristics in Onosma as the most important diagnostic evidence in delimitation and classification of species in addition to the natural group. Besides palynological and karyological studies, molecular evidences have also confirmed recent classifications. This genus has been classified as a sister to Maharanga A.DC as a central Asiatic taxon of Boraginaceae. Several ambiguities in identification and differentiation of species created a wide range of complexities among and also between the species. Onosma elwendicum Wettst.,O. bulbotricum DC., O. rostellatum Lehm.,and O. dichroanthum Boiss.aresome examplesfacing with these problems. Also, Onosma olivieri H. Riedl., and O. lanceolatum Boiss. & Hausskn. as closest taxa in Flora Iranica, eventually are geographical ecotypes and can be synonym taxa. Besides this, some taxa following O. sharifii H. Riedl., O. paboti H. Riedl., and O. caeurelescens Boiss. do not have detectable type specimens with no specimens obtained from type localities. Therefore, every comment on taxonomy as well as systematic study of the genus, need to a perfect assessment of diverse ecotypes and geographical populations together with a detailed field works with emphasis on ecology and phytogeography of their habits.
Rostaniha
IRIPP, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, IRAN
1608-4306
18
v.
1
no.
2017
50
58
https://rostaniha.areeo.ac.ir/article_113233_f65ca29a91f5fc261d9155fcdb3d3bde.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/botany.2017.113233
Morphological and molecular study on some species of Phoma and related taxa in Iran
Elham
Amirdehi
PhD Student of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
Khalil-Berdi
Fotouhifar
Associate Prof. of Mycology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran (fotowhi@ut.ac.ir)
author
Mohammad
Javan-Nikkhah
Prof. of Mycology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
text
article
2017
eng
The genus Phoma Sacc. consists of important fungal plant pathogenic species occurring on economically important cultivated crops in spite of many other saprobic species. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify 35 isolates of Phoma species and related taxa collected from different hosts by means of morphological and molecular characters. Multi-locus phylogenetic analyses based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, actin and β-tubulin gene regions were conducted. Therefore, seven species including Boeremia exigua, Didymella acetosellae, D. bellidis, D. pinodella, Neocamarosporium betae, Phoma destructiva var. destructive, and P. medicaginis were identified and described, and among them, three species including D. bellidis, D. acetosellae, and P. destructiva var. destructiva are new records for the mycobiota of Iran. Also, B. exigua,and D. pinodella are reported for the first time from new host plants including Paliurus spina-christi, and Trigonella-foenum graecum, respectively. The morphological features and phylogenetic analyses were able to clarify the generic and species delimitation very clearly.
Rostaniha
IRIPP, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, IRAN
1608-4306
18
v.
1
no.
2017
59
76
https://rostaniha.areeo.ac.ir/article_113235_4a9b086fa814045fd795344edbc2e3b0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/botany.2017.113235
Introduction of some endophytic fungi of sour cherry trees (Prunus cerasus) in Iran
Shiva
Abdollahi Aghdam
MSc Student of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
Khalil-Berdi
Fotouhifar
Associate Prof. of Mycology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31587-77871, Iran (fotowhi@ut.ac.ir)
author
text
article
2017
eng
Endophytic fungi are beneficial fungi to their host plants and help them to endure biotic and abiotic stresses with different methods. In order to identify some endophytic fungi of sour cherry trees, healthy plant samples including twigs and leaves were collected from several provinces of Iran. A total number of 176 isolates were obtained and studied taxonomically. Based on morphological features and ITS regions sequence data, 10 different fungal species, namely, Aureobasidium namibiae, A. pullulans, Alternaria multiformis, A. rosae, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Cladosporium tenuissimum, Coniolariella limonispora, Didymosphaeria variabile, Epicoccum nigrum, Lecanicillium muscarium,and Neoscytalidium dimidiatum were identified as endophytic fungi of sour cherry trees in Iran. Among these species, Aureobasidium namibiae is new for the mycobiota of Iran. All identified species except A. pullulans, are reported here for the first time as endophytic fungi of sour cherry trees in the world.
Rostaniha
IRIPP, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, IRAN
1608-4306
18
v.
1
no.
2017
77
94
https://rostaniha.areeo.ac.ir/article_113236_6122f733e10675f18cf36eff0d9b8f48.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/botany.2017.113236
First report of Aquanectria penicillioides from Iran
Razieh
Poursaeid
PhD Student in Mycology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
Khalil-Berdi
Fotouhifar
Associate Prof. of Mycology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran (fotowhi@ut.ac.ir)
author
text
article
2017
eng
During 2015–16, the presence of micromycetes species in aquatic ecosystems was studied in Iran. Samples were collected from rivers, lakes and wetlands. For isolation, agar disks were transferred to plates containing water samples. The plates were incubated at 25–27° C for 21 days in 12 h light/12 h dark condition. Then from the mycelium grown on the agar disks, pure cultures were obtained. Finally, an isolate was identified as Aquanectria penicillioides (Ingold) L. Lombard & Crous, based on morphological and molecular data (sequences of ITS rDNA).
Rostaniha
IRIPP, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, IRAN
1608-4306
18
v.
1
no.
2017
95
98
https://rostaniha.areeo.ac.ir/article_113237_ef938e75e6f97f91d547f0c21fa0418d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/botany.2017.113237
Penicillium albocoremium, a new taxon from tulip bulbs in Iran
Youbert
Ghosta
Associate Prof. of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, P.O. Box 165, Urmia, Iran (y.ghoosta@urmia.ac.ir)
author
Rosita
Samadi
MSc in Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Protection, Afagh University, Urmia, Iran
author
text
article
2017
eng
In recent years, tulip flowers have been grown extensively in parks and green spaces of Urmia city (NW Iran). During the surveys in a period from 2014–16, characteristic symptoms of the blue mold rot were observed on both planted and stored tulip bulbs, as the bulbs were covered with a white to bluish-green mycelia and spores. In order to determine the fungi associated with tulip bulbs (Tulipa gesneriana L.), the bulbs with characteristic rot symptoms or signs (Fig. 1a-c) were collected from different green spaces and municipal greenhouses. The fungi were isolated in two ways: First, small pieces of fungal colonies were taken with a sterile fine needle and a suspension of spores was prepared in sterile distilled water. A small aliquot of suspension was spread all over the PDA medium amended with streptomycin sulfate. Second, the bulbs were washed thoroughly under tap water, then surface sterilized in 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 minutes and washed for three times again with sterile distilled water. The outer parts of the bulbs were removed and small pieces were taken from the inner parts and put on PDA medium (Kim et al. 2006, Valdez et al. 2009). Petri dishes were incubated at 25±2º C in dark. The isolated fungi were purified using single spore method and the purified isolates were stored on PCA slants at 4° C. From the 40 obtained isolates, except three which were belonged to the genus Rhizopus, the remaining isolates had typical characteristics of the genus Penicillium
Rostaniha
IRIPP, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, IRAN
1608-4306
18
v.
1
no.
2017
99
103
https://rostaniha.areeo.ac.ir/article_113238_1a4f0c4dedb64f7c457c78b207e5d493.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/botany.2017.113238
Harzia acremonioides, new species for mycobiota of Iran
Alireza
Poursafar
MSc Graduate in Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
Youbert
Ghosta
Youbert Ghosta: Associate Prof. of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, P.O. Box 165, Urmia, Iran
author
Mohammad
Javan-Nikkhah
Prof. of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran (jnikkhah@ut.ac.ir)
author
text
article
2017
eng
During the investigation of fungi associated with black (sooty) head mold of wheat and barley in different regions of Golestan, Alborz and Qazvin provinces (Iran) in growing seasons of 2014–15, several isolates with typical characteristics of the genus Harzia Costantin were collected. Based on the morphological characteristics, all isolates were identified as H. acremonioides (Harz) Costantin.
Rostaniha
IRIPP, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, IRAN
1608-4306
18
v.
1
no.
2017
104
106
https://rostaniha.areeo.ac.ir/article_113239_5bc82a809bb435c3320aa74c752b7e3a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/botany.2017.113239