Isolation and identification of aquatic saprolegnious stramenopiles in Fars and Kermanshah provinces (west of Iran)

Document Type : Systematics and Biodiversity of Fungi

Authors

1 PhD Student, Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7144165186, Iran

2 Prof., Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7144165186, Iran

Abstract

The order Saprolegniales includes pathogenic species of aquatic and terrestrial plants and aquatic animals including fish. These straminipilous fungi play an important role as a decomposing component which participates in the destruction processes of organic substrates and self-cleaning biological processes in freshwater ecosystems. In this study, samples of brown decayed twigs, leaves, woods and infected spawns from various places of Fars Province, Iran (Bahreghan, Bereshne, Dalkhan, Kaftrak, Polekhan, Sepidan, Seyyedan, Sarbast, Tang-e-Sorkh, Tang-e-Tizab and Sheshpir) and Kermanshah Province, Iran (Bisotun, Harsin, Paveh, Sarab Sahneh and Sarab Qanbar) were transferred to the laboratory during the fall and winter 2017-2018. Species were identified based on morphological and morphometric characteristics of sexual and asexual organs as well as the physiological and phylogenetic studies. Identified species were sequenced based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA and were analyzed phylogenetically by maximum likelihood method. Six species of Saprolegnia and one species of Achlya were identified including: Saprolegnia parasitica, S. ferax, S. anomalies, Saprolegnia aff. australis, S. mixta, Saprolegnia sp. and Achlya americana. Saprolegnia anomalies, Saprolegnia aff. australis, S. mixta and Achlya americana were new to Iran mycobiota.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [Persian]

جداسازی و شناسایی استرامنوپیل‌های آبزی ساپرولگنیایی در استان های فارس و کرمانشاه

Authors [Persian]

  • زینب بلبلی 1
  • رضا مستوفی زاده قلمفرسا 2
1 دانشجوی دکتری بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، بخش گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز 7144165186، ایران
2 استاد بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، بخش گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز 7144165186، ایران
Abstract [Persian]

راسته Saprolegniales شامل گونه­ های بیمارگر گیاهان آبزی، خشکی­زی و جانوران آبزی از جمله ماهی­ هاست. این شبه‌قارچ‌های استرامنوپیلایی نقش مهمی در فرایند­های تخریب بستره­ های مواد آلی و فرایندهای زیست­ شناختی خودپالایی در زیست‌بوم­ های آب­ شیرین ایفا می­ کنند. در این مطالعه، نمونه­ هایی از برگ­ ها، چوب­ های پوسیده و قهوه ­ای و تخم ­های ماهی آلوده از مناطق مختلف استان­ های فارس (اردکان، برشنه، برغان، پل­خان، تنگ ­تیزاب، تنگ سرخ، دلخان، سربست، سیدان، سپیدان، شش­پیر و کفترک) و کرمانشاه (بیستون، پاوه، سراب قنبر، سراب صحنه و هرسین) در پاییز و زمستان 1396 جمع­آوری و به آزمایشگاه منتقل شدند. شناسایی گونه­ ها براساس ویژگی­ های ریخت ­شناختی، ریخت ­سنجی، فیزیولوژیک و مطالعات فیلوژنتیکی انجام شد. گونه­ های شناسایی­ شده، براساس فاصله ترانویسی شده داخلی (ای­تی­اس) دی‌ان‌ای ریبوزومی جدایه­ه ا، توالی­ سنجی و با روش بیشینه درست‌ نمایی واکاوی فیلوژنتیکی شدند. براساس داده­ های به دست آمده، شش گونه Saprolegnia و یک گونه Achlya شناسایی شد. این گونه­ ها شامل: Saprolegnia parasitica، S. ferax، S. anomala ،S. aff. australis،S. mixta، Saprolegnia sp.وAchlya americana  بودند. همچنین، آرایه­های S. aff. australis و Saprolegnia sp. جدا­ شده از مواد آلی پوسیده با هیچ یک از گونه ­های قبلا گزارش­ شده از جنس Saprolegnia قرابت نداشته و به احتمال زیاد گونه­ های جدیدی برای این جنس محسوب می­ شوند. گونه ­های S. anomala ،S. mixta و Achlya americana برای مایکوبیوتای ایران جدید محسوب می‌شوند.

Keywords [Persian]

  • ساپرولگنیالز
  • فاصله‌ ترانویسی شده داخلی ژن اران‌ای ریبوزومی
  • مواد آلی پوسیده

References

Belbahri, L., Oszako, T., Calmin, G. & Lefort, F. 2006. Survey of forest soil fungi and Oomycetes in Poland.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/EF126339.
Diéguez-Uribeondo, J., Fregeneda-Grandes, J.M., Cerenius, L., Pérez-Iniesta, E., Aller-Gancedo, J.M., Tellería, M.T., Söderhäll, K. & Martín, M.P. 2007. Re-evaluation of the enigmatic species complex Saprolegnia diclina-Saprolegnia parasitica based on morphological, physiological and molecular data. Fungal Genetics and Biology 44(7): 585–601.‏
Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi, H.A., Hoosseinifard, S.M., Khosravi, A.R., Soltani, M. & Yosefian, M. 2007. Isolation and identification of parasite and saprophyte fungi from fungal affected eggs of
the rainbowtrout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Mazandaran province. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research 62(3): 163–168.
Elliott, R.F. 1968. Morphological variation in New Zealand Saprolegniaceae: 2. Saprolegnia terrestris Cookson and S. australis sp. nov. New Zealand Journal of Botany 6(1): 94–105.
Gandhe, R.V. & Kurne, A. 2003. A new species of Indian watermould Saprolegnia. Zoos’ Print Journal 18: 127.
Ghiasi, M., Khosravi, A.R., Soltani, M., Binaii, M., Shokri, H., Tootian, Z., Rostamibashman, M. & Ebrahimzademousavi, H. 2010. Characterization of Saprolegnia isolates from Persian sturgeon (Acipencer persicus) eggs based on physiological and molecular data. Journal de Mycologie Médicale 20: 1–7.
Ghiasi, M., Khosravi, A., Soltani, M., Sharifpour, I., Binaii, M., Ebrahimzadeh Mosavi, H. & Bahonar, A. 2014. Evaluation of physiological aspects and molecular identification of Saprolegnia isolates from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Caspian trout (Salmo trutta caspius) eggs based on RAPD–PCR. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal 22(4): 82–92.
Hall, T.A. 1999. Bio Edit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium 41: 95–98.
Hulvey, J.P., Padgett, D.E. & Bailey, J.C. 2007. Species boundaries within Saprolegnia (Saprolegniales, Oomycota) based on morphological and DNA sequence data. Mycologia 99(3): 421–429.
Jeffers, S.N. & Martin, S.B. 1968. Comparison of two media selective for Phytophthora and Pythium species. Plant Disease 70(11): 1035–1043.
Khulbe, R.D. 2001. A Manual of Aquatic Fungi: Chytridiomycetes & Oomycetes. Daya Publishing House, Delhi, India.‏
Khulbe, R.D. 1980. Occurrence of watermolds in some lakes of Nainital, Kumaun, Hill, India. Hydrobiologia 74(1): 77–80.
Kumar, S., Stecher, G. & Tamura, K. 2016. MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution 33(7): 1870–1874.
Ke, X.L., Wang, J.G., Gu, Z.M., Li, M. & Gong, X.N. 2009. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis of two Saprolegnia sp. (Oomycetes) isolated from silver crucian carp and zebra fish. Mycological Research 113(5): 637–644.
Markovskaja, S. 2006. Saprolegniaceae (Peronosporomycetes) in Lithuania II. The genus Saprolegnia. Botanica Lithuanica 12(2): 97–112.
Markovskaja, S. 2007. Contribution to the Lithuanian water moulds. New reports of critical Achlya (Saprolegniaceae, Peronosporomycetes) species. Botanica Lithuanica 13(1): 39–44.
Masigol, H., Khodaparast, S.A. & Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa, R. 2017. The first report of aquatic Oomycetes Brevilegnia variabilis, Achlya spp. and Saprolegnia spp. from Anzali lagoon in Gilan province. Proceedings of the 3rd Iranian Mycological Congress, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran: 112.
Mirsoleimani Z. & Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa R. 2013. Characterization of Phytophthora pistaciae, the casual agent of pistachio gummosis, based on host range, morphology and ribosomal genome. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 53: 501–506.
Safdari, M., Mohammadipour, M. & Tajick-Ghanbari, M.A. 2008. Isoacklya unispora a new speciesfor microflora of Iran. Proceedings of the 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Hamedan, Iran: 621.
Neish, G.A. & Hughes, G.C. 1980. Diseases of Fishes, Book 6, Fungal Diseases of Fishes. T.W.F. Publications, Neptune, New Jersey, USA.
Robideau, G.P., de Cock, A.W., Coffey, M.D., Voglmayr, H., Brouwer, H., Bala, K., Chitty, D.W., Désaulniers, N., Eggertson, Q.A., Gachon, C.M. & HU, C.H. 2011. DNA barcoding of oomycetes with cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and internal transcribed spacer. Molecular Ecology Resources 11(6): 1002–1011.
Sandoval-Sierra, J.V. & Diéguez-Uribeondo, J. 2015. A Comprehensive Protocol for Improving the Description of Saprolegniales (Oomycota): Two Practical Examples (Saprolegnia aenigmatica sp. nov. and Saprolegnia racemosa sp. nov.). PloS One 10(7): e0132999.
Sandoval-Sierra, J.V., Martín, M.P. & Diéguez-Uribeondo, J. 2014. Species identification in the genus Saprolegnia (Oomycetes): defining DNA-based molecular operational taxonomic units. Fungal Biology 118(7): 559–578.
Seymour, R.L. 1970. The genus Saprolegnia. Nova Hedwigia 19(1–2): 1–124.
Tajick-Ghanbari, M.A., Safdari, M., Sharifi, R. & Abbasi, V. 2008. A new Saprolegnia species for microflora of Iran. Proceedings of the 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Hamedan, Iran: 617.
Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin,
F. & Higgins, D.G. 1997. The ClustalX windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Research 25: 4876–4882.
Van Den Berg, A.H., McLaggan, D., Diéguez-Uribeondo, J. & Van West, P. 2013. The impact of the water moulds Saprolegnia diclina and Saprolegnia parasitica on natural ecosystems and the aquaculture industry. Fungal Biology Reviews 27(2) :33–42.
Van West, P. 2006. Saprolegnia parasitica, an oomycete pathogen with a fishy appetite: new challenges for an old problem. Mycologist 20(3): 99–104.‏
Villa, N.O., Kayeyama, K., Asona, T. & Suga, H. 2006. Phylogenetic relationship of Pythium and Phytophtora species Based on ITS rDNA, cytochrome oxidase II and β-tubulin gene sequences. Mycologia 98: 410–422.
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics, pp. 315–322. In: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. (Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. eds). Academic Press, San Diego. USA.
Wolinska, J., Giessler, S. & Koerner, H. 2009. Molecular identification and hidden diversity of novel Daphnia parasites from European lakes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75(22): 7051–7059.
Rostaniha
Volume 20, Issue 1 - Serial Number 57
September 2019
Pages 14-28

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 17 December 2018
  • Revise Date: 13 March 2019
  • Accept Date: 08 May 2019

Share

How to cite

Statistics